Soil Science and Agriculture

  Boron (B) was recognized as an essential plant nutrient by Warington in 1923. The deficiency of B in fruit crops is the second most extensive micronutrient deficiency. More than 90% of the B in plants is associated with cell walls, and its most important role is connected with cell wall development, functioning and strength. It is important in the production and quality of fruits because it plays an important function in different physiological processes within plants. Species differ widely in their B requirements, being it higher for dicots than monocots because of the higher B concentration in their cell wall. B requirement is much higher for reproductive growth than for vegetative growth in most plant species because reproductive organs have a high concentration of pectin which is rich in B. It is crucial to note that, while boron is necessary for fruit crop growth, too much of it can be hazardous. A balanced and well-calibrated strategy for fertilization, like all nutrients, is c

     Pesticides are chemical or biological agents that are employed in agricultural food production to protect cultivated plants from harmful sources such as weeds, plant diseases, and insects. Pesticides play a delicate role in agriculture because they are needed to protect crops, but they may also be hazardous to the environment and people's health. Pesticides are frequently used in today's agricultural ecosystem to meet the increased demand for food and fiber. Pesticides are now required for pest management in crops, particularly fruits and vegetables. Following the harvest of raw agricultural products, the subsequent handling, storage, and processing have a significant impact on the amount of pesticide residues found in food.      If food costs rise and pesticide residues in agricultural products don't stop, fresh fruits and vegetables may soon become a luxury for people who can afford chemical-free and organic goods. Effective enforcement of appropriate agricultural an