Phosphorus fixation is the conversion of soil solution phosphorus to insoluble compounds by the soil components, causing a reduction in the amount that plants can absorb. Phosphorus availability is usually greatest in slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6-7). The amount and manner in which soluble phosphorus is fixed is influenced by the pH of the soil solution. Between pH 4.0 and 8.0, the main phosphate ions in soil are H 2 PO 4 - and HPO 4 2- . PO 4 3- predominates above pH 9.0, but H 2 PO 4 - is still present. The extent of problems of phosphorus fixation in India The efficiency of phosphatic fertilizers in India is around 15 to 20 percent because of their fixation in acidic and alkaline soils, and unfortunately, both soil types lead in India, accounting for more than 34% acidity affected and more than 7 million hectares of productive and fertile land salinity/alkalinity affected. Phosphorus fixation is greater in black, red, laterite, mixed red and black, red and yellow, and coast...
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